![]() ![]() Papyrus buds opened from a horizontal root growing in shallow fresh water and the deeply saturated Delta mud. 3.3.Papyrus is a plant ( cyperus papyrus) which once grew in abundance, primarily in the wilds of the Egyptian Delta but also elsewhere in the Nile River Valley, but is now quite rare. ![]() Scalf, Book of the Dead: Becoming God in Ancient Egypt (Chicago:Oriental Institue, 2017), p. Emily Cole, “Language and Script in the Book of the Dead,” in Foy D.Giuseppina Lenzo Marchese, “Quelques manuscrits hiératiques du Livre des Morts de la Troisième Période intermédiaire du musée égyptien de Turin,” BIFAO 102 (2002), p.Ursula Verhoeven, Untersuchungen zur späthieratischen Buchschrift (Leuven, 2001), pp.Vorarbeiten zu einer spätmittelägyptischen Grammatik,” ÄUAT 26 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1994), p. Karl Jansen-Winkeln, “Text und Sprache in der 3.(Freiburg/Göttingen: Universitätsverlag/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1989), p. Andrzej Niwinski, Studies on the Illustrated Theban Funerary Papyri of the 11th and 10th Centuries B.C.Catalogue des manuscrits hiéroglyphiques et hiératiques et des dessins, sur papyrus, cuir ou tissu, publiés ou signalés (Paris: M. Thomas George Allen, The Egyptian Book of the Dead: Documents in the Oriental Institute Museum at the University of Chicago, Oriental Institute Publications 82 (University of Chicago Press, 1960), pp.Thomas George Allen, A Handbook of the Egyptian Collection (Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1923), pp.Harris Reference Number 1894.180 IIIF Manifest The International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) represents a set of open standards that enables rich access to digital media from libraries, archives, museums, and other cultural institutions around the world. Status On View, Gallery 50 Department Arts of Africa Culture Ancient Egyptian Title Funerary Papyrus of Tayu-henut-Mut Place Egypt (Object made in) Date 1069 BCE–945 BCE Medium Papyrus and pigment Inscriptions “Words spoken by Osiris foremost of the West, lord of Abydos, Wenenefer, lord of eternity… that he might give offerings and provisions to the Osiris, the mistress of the house and songstress of Amun-Re, king of the gods, Tayu-henut-Mut, true of voice, daughter of the scribe of the treasury Nes-pa-her-en-(ta-)hat, true of voice.” Dimensions 24.5 × 101 cm (9 11/16 × 39 7/8 in.) Credit Line Gift of Henry H. ![]() Tayu-henut-Mut’s copy includes five spells selected from nearly 200 known options to aid in her journey to eternity, including one for “causing a man to remember his name.” Egyptians believed that one would cease to exist in the afterlife if their name was forgotten or no longer spoken among the living. First appearing during the New Kingdom (about 1550 BCE), this religious text is better known today as the Book of the Dead, because scrolls were buried with their owners. Behind Osiris a scribe has carefully copied spells from the Book of Going Forth by Day. This papyrus shows Tayu-henut-Mut standing with raised hands before an offering table, praising the enthroned god Osiris, ruler of the afterlife. Interactions between mortals and the gods were depicted on funerary objects including papyri, like this example made for temple singer Tayu-henut-Mut (“the mistress of Mut”). ![]() Potent symbols, sacred words, and divine protection helped ancient Egyptians transition from the earthly realm to an eternal existence. ![]()
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